1. Halpern et al 2008 Science: Cumulative Impacts

2. Halpern et al 2012 Nature: Ocean Health Index

• Pollution: fertilizer, pesticides, impervious surfaces, population density, ship traffic and ports

• Fishing Pressure: pelagic low-bycatch, pelagic high-bycatch, demersal destructive, demersal non-destructive low-bycatch, demersal non-destructive high-bycatch, artisanal

• Climate Change: sea temperature anomoly, ultraviolet radiation, ocean acidification, sea level rise (new)

• Other: invasive species, oil rigs, shipping

• 1 km2 pixels in Mollweide projection. Download at nceas.ucsb.edu/globalmarine

• Special: coral, seagrass, mangrove, rocky reef, seamounts
• Bottom Type and Depth: soft or hard by shallow (0-60 m), shelf (60-200 m), slope (200 – 2000 m), deep (>2000 m)
• Offshore Water Column: pelagic (0 to 60 m in depths > 60 m), deep (60 m to bottom)

\[ I_C = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sum_{j=1}^{m} P_i * E_j * w_{i,j} \]

• \(I_C\) cumulative impact score, per 1km pixel
• \(P_i\) log-transformed and normalized human pressure [0-1]
• \(E_j\) presence or absence of ecosystem \(j\) [0,1]
• \(w_{i,j}\) weight for pressure \(i\) and ecosystem \(j\) [0-3.3]

• impacts.seasketch.org by Dan Yocum, Will McClintock

• Download Python Toolbox at github.com/ohi-science/cumimpacts

  • Linked from ohi-science.org

  • Soon linked from nceas.ucsb.edu/globalmarine

• Update with numpy matrix math for speed up: 2 hours to 20 seconds (Dan Yocum)

• Is it pristine?

  

• "A healthy ocean sustainably delivers a range of benefits to people now and in the future."

• Recalculate OHI globally or regionally using alternative weights, equations, layers, etc.
• Regionalize based on administrative boundaries finer than EEZ.
• Visualize results to highlight best opportunities for improving ocean health.
• Interface with easy-to-use forms for sliding weights and concocting scenarios.
• Automate with tools for manipulating input layers and calculating OHI scores for sensitivity analyses.

Flower

Map

• examples
  • Baltic
  • Israel biogeographic and political
• globally
  • political: Global Administrative Areas (GADM)
  • biogeographic: Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW)
  • data:
    • pressures: extract from 1km Cumulative Impact rasters (Halpern et al 2008, Halpern et al in draft)
    • other: weight country values from ohi-global by area / coastal population / … of region
  • populate ohi-[country] scenario repository
  • deploy to ShinyApps.io for interactive website

• layers.csv, layers/
  • *.csv
• scenario.R, conf/
  • config.R
  • pressures_matrix.csv, resilience_matrix.csv, resilience_weights.csv
  • goals.csv
  • functions.R
• spatial/regions_gcs.js
• launchApp_code.R, launchApp.bat (Win), launchApp.command (Mac)
• scores.csv
• results/report.html, /figures

For example, calculate Baltic Health Index every year using scenarios bhi1980,..., bhi2014 as folders.

library(ohicore)

for (dir_scenario in sprintf('~/ohibaltic/bhi%d', 1980:2014)){
  setwd(dir_scenario)
  
  conf   = Conf('conf')
  layers = Layers('layers.csv', 'layers')
  scores = CalculateAll(conf, layers)
  
  write.csv(scores, 'scores.csv')
}

free, cross-platform, open source, web based:

• csv (comma-seperated value) data files. ancillary: md, json, shp, geotiff
  • Excel poor with Unicode, file locking. Try OpenOffice instead.
• R having libraries shiny web application, ggplot2 figures, dplyr data manipulation
  • RStudio excellent front end
• Github repositories:
  • backup to offsite archive, and rewind changes
  • document changes of code and files with issues and messages
  • collaborate with others and publish to web site

ohiprep | ohi-[scenario] | ohicore

1. Install R library: ohicore

library(devtools)
install_github('ohi-science/ohicore')

1. Collaborate on a scenario: eg ohi-global

• https://github.com/OHI-Science/ohi-global

• Download ZIP, Clone, Fork

• install script

• ohi-science.org

• bbest@nceas.ucsb.edu

• bbest.github.io/talks/2014-07_ohi-cumimpacts_esri-uc